Who is known as the father of modern genetics?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Thomas Hunt Morgan
c) Gregor Mendel
d) James D. Watson
Answer: c) Gregor Mendel
Which British biologist is credited with co-discovering the structure of DNA?
a) Francis Crick
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) James D. Watson
d) Maurice Wilkins
Answer: a) Francis Crick
Who formulated the theory of natural selection?
a) Alfred Russel Wallace
b) Gregor Mendel
c) Charles Lyell
d) Charles Darwin
Answer: d) Charles Darwin
Which British biologist is known for his work on the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) James D. Watson
c) Francis Crick
d) Maurice Wilkins
Answer: c) Francis Crick
Who proposed the idea of punctuated equilibrium in evolution?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Richard Dawkins
c) Stephen Jay Gould
d) James D. Watson
Answer: c) Stephen Jay Gould
Which British biologist is famous for his research on animal behavior and ethology?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) Niko Tinbergen
c) John Maynard Smith
d) Julian Huxley
Answer: b) Niko Tinbergen
Who developed the theory of epigenetics?
a) James D. Watson
b) John Gurdon
c) Conrad Waddington
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: c) Conrad Waddington
Which British biologist is known for his research on the genetic control of early embryonic development?
a) John Gurdon
b) Francis Crick
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Maurice Wilkins
Answer: a) John Gurdon
Who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic?
a) Alexander Fleming
b) James D. Watson
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Francis Crick
Answer: a) Alexander Fleming
Which British biologist is famous for his work on the theory of altruism in social animals?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) Julian Huxley
c) William Hamilton
d) Charles Darwin
Answer: c) William Hamilton
Who is considered the founder of modern epidemiology?
a) Alexander Fleming
b) Ronald Ross
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) James D. Watson
Answer: b) Ronald Ross
Which British biologist is known for his contributions to the understanding of cell structure and function?
a) Robert Hooke
b) Charles Darwin
c) Gregor Mendel
d) John Maynard Smith
Answer: a) Robert Hooke
Who co-discovered the structure of DNA using X-ray crystallography?
a) Maurice Wilkins
b) Francis Crick
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) James D. Watson
Answer: c) Rosalind Franklin
Which British biologist is known for his research on population genetics and evolutionary theory?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Julian Huxley
d) Niko Tinbergen
Answer: b) John Maynard Smith
Who proposed the idea of “group selection” as a mechanism of evolution?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Richard Dawkins
c) John Maynard Smith
d) William D. Hamilton
Answer: c) John Maynard Smith
Which British biologist is known for his work on the genetics of Drosophila (fruit flies)?
a) Thomas Hunt Morgan
b) James D. Watson
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Maurice Wilkins
Answer: a) Thomas Hunt Morgan
Who is considered the founder of modern parasitology?
a) Charles Darwin
b) James D. Watson
c) Ronald Ross
d) John Maynard Smith
Answer: c) Ronald Ross
Which British biologist is known for his work on the discovery of the structure of hemoglobin?
a) Francis Crick
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Max Perutz
d) Maurice Wilkins
Answer: c) Max Perutz
Who proposed the “Red Queen” hypothesis for the evolution of sexual reproduction?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Stephen Jay Gould
d) Leigh Van Valen
Answer: d) Leigh Van Valen
Which British biologist is known for his research on the mechanisms of enzyme action?
a) Max Perutz
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) Francis Crick
Answer: a) Max Perutz
Who is known for his work on the theory of island biogeography?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Richard Dawkins
c) John Maynard Smith
d) Robert MacArthur
Answer: d) Robert MacArthur
Which British biologist is famous for his research on the evolution of cooperation and game theory?
a) Julian Huxley
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Richard Dawkins
d) Niko Tinbergen
Answer: b) John Maynard Smith
Who discovered the circulation of blood through the heart?
a) William Harvey
b) James D. Watson
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Francis Crick
Answer: a) William Harvey
Which British biologist is known for his work on the genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila?
a) James D. Watson
b) Maurice Wilkins
c) Thomas Hunt Morgan
d) Francis Crick
Answer: c) Thomas Hunt Morgan
Who proposed the idea of “kin selection” to explain altruistic behavior in animals?
a) Charles Darwin
b) William D. Hamilton
c) John Maynard Smith
d) Stephen Jay Gould
Answer: b) William D. Hamilton
Which British biologist is known for his work on the classification and naming of organisms (taxonomy)?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) Julian Huxley
c) John Ray
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: c) John Ray
Who is considered the founder of modern endocrinology?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
d) James D. Watson
Answer: c) Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Which British biologist is known for his research on the evolution of sexual selection?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) Julian Huxley
c) John Maynard Smith
d) Charles Darwin
Answer: d) Charles Darwin
Who discovered the structure of insulin and its role in diabetes?
a) Maurice Wilkins
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Frederick Sanger
d) James D. Watson
Answer: c) Frederick Sanger
Which British biologist is famous for his work on the ecology and behavior of birds?
a) Julian Huxley
b) Niko Tinbergen
c) John Maynard Smith
d) Richard Dawkins
Answer: b) Niko Tinbergen
Who proposed the “Modern Synthesis” of evolution, combining genetics with natural selection?
a) Charles Darwin
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Julian Huxley
d) Ronald A. Fisher
Answer: d) Ronald A. Fisher
Which British biologist is known for his work on the discovery of the structure of myoglobin?
a) Francis Crick
b) Maurice Wilkins
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Max Perutz
Answer: d) Max Perutz
Who is known for his research on the evolution and ecology of plant communities?
a) Robert MacArthur
b) James D. Watson
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Charles Darwin
Answer: a) Robert MacArthur
Which British biologist is famous for his work on the development of the theory of altruism in animals?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) Julian Huxley
c) William D. Hamilton
d) John Maynard Smith
Answer: c) William D. Hamilton
Who discovered the role of DNA in bacterial transformation, contributing to the understanding of genetic exchange?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Francis Crick
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: d) Oswald Avery
Which British biologist is known for his work on the mechanisms of animal development?
a) James D. Watson
b) John Gurdon
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) Francis Crick
Answer: b) John Gurdon
Who proposed the idea of “selfish genes” in the context of evolutionary biology?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Julian Huxley
d) William D. Hamilton
Answer: a) Richard Dawkins
Which British biologist is famous for his work on the genetics of bacteria and bacteriophages?
a) Francis Crick
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) James D. Watson
Answer: a) Francis Crick
Who is known for his research on the evolution of cooperation and the “prisoner’s dilemma” game?
a) John Maynard Smith
b) Richard Dawkins
c) William D. Hamilton
d) Niko Tinbergen
Answer: a) John Maynard Smith
Which British biologist is known for his work on the mechanisms of evolution and speciation?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Richard Dawkins
c) John Maynard Smith
d) Julian Huxley
Answer: a) Charles Darwin
Who discovered the enzyme lysozyme and its role in bacterial cell wall destruction?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) James D. Watson
c) Alexander Fleming
d) Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Answer: c) Alexander Fleming
Which British biologist is famous for his research on the genetics of sex determination in fruit flies?
a) Francis Crick
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Thomas Hunt Morgan
d) Maurice Wilkins
Answer: c) Thomas Hunt Morgan
Who proposed the “Hamilton’s rule” in the context of inclusive fitness and kin selection?
a) William D. Hamilton
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Richard Dawkins
d) Stephen Jay Gould
Answer: a) William D. Hamilton
Which British biologist is known for his research on the genetics of developmental processes in animals?
a) John Gurdon
b) Maurice Wilkins
c) Francis Crick
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: a) John Gurdon
Who discovered the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) in gene regulation?
a) Francis Crick
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) Andrew Z. Fire
Answer: d) Andrew Z. Fire
Which British biologist is famous for his work on the theory of “reciprocal altruism” in animals?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Niko Tinbergen
d) Robert Trivers
Answer: d) Robert Trivers
Who is known for his research on the genetics of early development and cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer?
a) John Gurdon
b) James D. Watson
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) Francis Crick
Answer: a) John Gurdon
Which British biologist is famous for his work on the development of the “evo-devo” field, studying the evolution of developmental processes?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) Julian Huxley
c) Sean B. Carroll
d) John Maynard Smith
Answer: c) Sean B. Carroll
Who discovered the “Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment,” proving that DNA is the genetic material?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Francis Crick
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: d) Oswald Avery
Which British biologist is known for his work on the “Selfish DNA” theory and transposable elements?
a) Richard Dawkins
b) John Maynard Smith
c) Stephen Jay Gould
d) David Haig
Answer: b) John Maynard Smith
