What was the primary goal of Progressive Era child labor reforms in the United States?
A) Expanding adult employment opportunities
B) Ensuring proper education for children
C) Regulating child labor and improving working conditions
D) Encouraging child entrepreneurship
Answer: C) Regulating child labor and improving working conditions
Which federal law passed during the Progressive Era set a minimum working age and maximum working hours for children in certain industries?
A) Social Security Act
B) Fair Labor Standards Act
C) Keating-Owen Act
D) Clayton Antitrust Act
Answer: C) Keating-Owen Act
Who was the leading advocate for child labor reform during the Progressive Era, founding the National Child Labor Committee in 1904?
A) Susan B. Anthony
B) Jane Addams
C) Lewis Hine
D) Samuel Gompers
Answer: C) Lewis Hine
What was the main focus of the Muller v. Oregon Supreme Court case (1908) during the Progressive Era?
A) Women’s suffrage
B) Child labor regulation for girls
C) Workers’ rights to strike
D) Racial segregation in public schools
Answer: B) Child labor regulation for girls
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1919, granted women the right to vote, indirectly impacting child labor reform efforts?
A) 14th Amendment
B) 15th Amendment
C) 18th Amendment
D) 19th Amendment
Answer: D) 19th Amendment
In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the ____________, which established a minimum working age and maximum working hours for employees in interstate commerce.
A) Federal Child Labor Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Adamson Act
D) Federal Reserve Act
Answer: A) Federal Child Labor Act
What organization, formed in 1904, played a significant role in advocating for federal child labor laws and worked to eliminate oppressive child labor practices?
A) National Child Labor Committee
B) American Federation of Labor
C) Industrial Workers of the World
D) Socialist Party of America
Answer: A) National Child Labor Committee
Which Progressive Era reformer and photographer documented child labor conditions through powerful images, helping to raise awareness about the issue?
A) Upton Sinclair
B) Ida B. Wells
C) Florence Kelley
D) Lewis Hine
Answer: D) Lewis Hine
What was the purpose of the 1904 National Child Labor Committee publication, “Child Labor: Our National Shame”?
A) To promote child labor as a valuable learning experience
B) To raise awareness about child labor and advocate for reform
C) To criticize parents for allowing their children to work
D) To support employers who hired child laborers
Answer: B) To raise awareness about child labor and advocate for reform
Which reformer and social worker focused on improving child labor laws and played a key role in the creation of the U.S. Children’s Bureau in 1912?
A) Jane Addams
B) Florence Kelley
C) Mother Jones
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Answer: B) Florence Kelley
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which further regulated child labor, was passed during the presidency of:
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Herbert Hoover
C) Calvin Coolidge
D) Woodrow Wilson
Answer: A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
Which state was the first to establish a minimum working age and regulate working hours for children in 1848, setting a precedent for child labor reform in the United States?
A) New York
B) Massachusetts
C) Pennsylvania
D) California
Answer: A) New York
The Hine v. Industrial Welfare Commission (1917) Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of:
A) Child labor regulation for boys
B) Prohibition of child labor for girls
C) Minimum wage laws for women
D) Workers’ right to strike
Answer: B) Prohibition of child labor for girls
What was the primary reason behind the Keating-Owen Act being declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1918?
A) It violated states’ rights
B) It discriminated against specific industries
C) It lacked enforcement provisions
D) It imposed excessive taxes on businesses
Answer: A) It violated states’ rights
The National Consumers’ League, founded in 1899, advocated for workers’ rights, including:
A) Child labor regulation
B) Abolition of labor unions
C) Unlimited working hours for employees
D) Elimination of minimum wage laws
Answer: A) Child labor regulation
What was the primary industry targeted by the Keating-Owen Act of 1916 for child labor regulation?
A) Agriculture
B) Manufacturing
C) Mining
D) Transportation
Answer: B) Manufacturing
Which organization, formed in 1904, aimed to improve workplace conditions for women and children, including advocating for child labor reform?
A) Women’s Christian Temperance Union
B) National Consumers’ League
C) Daughters of the American Revolution
D) American Anti-Slavery Society
Answer: B) National Consumers’ League
The U.S. Children’s Bureau, established in 1912, was the first federal agency dedicated to:
A) Providing healthcare for children
B) Regulating child labor
C) Ensuring proper education for children
D) Protecting the welfare of children
Answer: D) Protecting the welfare of children
What was the main outcome of the 1916 Supreme Court case Hammer v. Dagenhart regarding child labor laws?
A) It upheld the Keating-Owen Act as constitutional
B) It declared the Keating-Owen Act unconstitutional
C) It expanded the scope of child labor regulations
D) It established a national minimum working age for children
Answer: B) It declared the Keating-Owen Act unconstitutional
The Federal Children’s Bureau, created in 1912, was placed under the Department of:
A) Education
B) Labor
C) Health and Human Services
D) Agriculture
Answer: B) Labor
What was the significance of the 1908 Supreme Court case Muller v. Oregon in the context of child labor reform?
A) It upheld the constitutionality of limiting working hours for women
B) It declared all child labor laws unconstitutional
C) It established a national minimum wage for children
D) It granted children the right to form labor unions
Answer: A) It upheld the constitutionality of limiting working hours for women
Which federal agency, established in 1910, conducted investigations into child labor conditions and worked to enforce existing child labor laws?
A) Department of Labor
B) Children’s Welfare Bureau
C) National Child Labor Committee
D) Bureau of Labor Statistics
Answer: A) Department of Labor
The 1919 constitutional amendment that established Prohibition (ban on alcohol) indirectly influenced child labor reform by:
A) Reducing the demand for child labor in breweries and distilleries
B) Encouraging children to join temperance movements
C) Creating new job opportunities for children in other industries
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Reducing the demand for child labor in breweries and distilleries
Which influential muckraker’s book, “The Jungle,” exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry but also drew attention to child labor issues?
A) Upton Sinclair
B) Ida Tarbell
C) Lincoln Steffens
D) Jacob Riis
Answer: A) Upton Sinclair
The 1910 Mann Act addressed child labor by:
A) Establishing a federal minimum working age for children
B) Regulating child labor in the agricultural sector
C) Prohibiting the transportation of minors across state lines for immoral purposes
D) Providing financial incentives to businesses employing child labor
Answer: C) Prohibiting the transportation of minors across state lines for immoral purposes
Which organization, founded by Mother Jones in 1903, fought against child labor and advocated for workers’ rights?
A) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
B) Knights of Labor
C) United Mine Workers of America
D) American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Answer: C) United Mine Workers of America
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911, which resulted in the deaths of 146 garment workers, including children, led to increased awareness about the need for:
A) Fire safety regulations in workplaces
B) Stricter immigration laws
C) Child labor in the textile industry
D) Female labor unions
Answer: A) Fire safety regulations in workplaces
Which Progressive Era reformer and social worker emphasized the importance of child labor laws but also advocated for better housing, sanitation, and workplace safety?
A) Jane Addams
B) Florence Kelley
C) Ida B. Wells
D) Susan B. Anthony
Answer: A) Jane Addams
What was the primary purpose of the 1912 Children’s Bureau publication, “Child Labor Legislation in the United States”?
A) To criticize existing child labor laws
B) To promote child labor as a necessary economic activity
C) To provide information on child labor laws in different states
D) To lobby against the regulation of child labor
Answer: C) To provide information on child labor laws in different states
The Adamson Act of 1916, primarily focused on railroad workers, indirectly impacted child labor reform by:
A) Introducing a national minimum working age for children
B) Establishing an eight-hour workday for railroad employees, potentially reducing the demand for child labor
C) Providing financial support to families with children, reducing the need for child labor
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Establishing an eight-hour workday for railroad employees, potentially reducing the demand for child labor
The Children’s Bureau, established in 1912, conducted extensive research on various aspects of child labor and presented its findings to:
A) The President
B) Congress
C) State governments
D) Industrial employers
Answer: B) Congress
Which prominent labor leader, known for advocating workers’ rights, was involved in campaigns against child labor during the Progressive Era?
A) Samuel Gompers
B) Eugene V. Debs
C) John L. Lewis
D) Mother Jones
Answer: A) Samuel Gompers
The National Child Labor Committee’s efforts to regulate child labor primarily focused on which age group?
A) Infants (0-2 years)
B) Young children (3-6 years)
C) School-age children (7-16 years)
D) Adolescents (17-20 years)
Answer: C) School-age children (7-16 years)
What was the primary goal of the 1904 National Child Labor Committee’s “child labor stamps” campaign?
A) To promote child labor as a patriotic duty
B) To raise funds for the organization’s activities against child labor
C) To reward children for participating in the workforce
D) To educate the public about the prevalence of child labor
Answer: B) To raise funds for the organization’s activities against child labor
Which state became the first to implement a comprehensive child labor law in 1842, setting an example for other states to follow?
A) New York
B) Massachusetts
C) Pennsylvania
D) California
Answer: B) Massachusetts
The 1904 “Declaration of Principles” by the National Child Labor Committee called for:
A) Complete abolition of child labor
B) Expansion of child labor in specific industries
C) Minimum wage for child laborers
D) No regulations on child labor
Answer: A) Complete abolition of child labor
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1920, granted women the right to vote, indirectly impacting child labor reform efforts?
A) 16th Amendment
B) 17th Amendment
C) 18th Amendment
D) 19th Amendment
Answer: D) 19th Amendment
The 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, aimed at regulating food and drug safety, indirectly contributed to child labor reform by:
A) Encouraging children to work in food and drug inspection agencies
B) Raising awareness about child labor in the food industry
C) Reducing demand for child labor in industries producing adulterated or unsafe products
D) None of the above
Answer: C) Reducing demand for child labor in industries producing adulterated or unsafe products
The National Child Labor Committee’s use of photographs and pamphlets aimed to:
A) Promote child labor as a valuable experience
B) Raise public awareness about the harsh conditions of child labor and advocate for reform
C) Showcase successful child entrepreneurs
D) Encourage parents to send their children to work at an early age
Answer: B) Raise public awareness about the harsh conditions of child labor and advocate for reform
The 1918 Supreme Court case Hammer v. Dagenhart involved a challenge to the constitutionality of which federal law regulating child labor?
A) Federal Child Labor Act
B) Keating-Owen Act
C) Mann Act
D) Adamson Act
Answer: B) Keating-Owen Act
