Geological hazards are natural events caused by Earth’s processes. Which of the following is NOT a geological hazard?
a) Earthquakes
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Coastal erosion
d) Hurricanes
Answer: d) Hurricanes
The “Ring of Fire” is a region known for frequent:
a) Earthquakes and volcanic activity
b) Floods and landslides
c) Wind storms
d) Tornadoes
Answer: a) Earthquakes and volcanic activity
“Landslides” refer to the movement of:
a) Water along coastlines
b) Soil, rocks, or debris down a slope
c) Air masses
d) Glaciers
Answer: b) Soil, rocks, or debris down a slope
Tsunamis” are large ocean waves usually triggered by:
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Earthquakes under the ocean floor
c) Wind storms
d) Coastal erosion
Answer: b) Earthquakes under the ocean floor
The “North Anatolian Fault” is associated with which geological hazard?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Earthquakes
c) Coastal erosion
d) Landslides
Answer: b) Earthquakes
“Coastal erosion” is the wearing away of land by:
a) Earthquakes
b) Wind storms
c) Ocean waves and currents
d) Glacial movement
Answer: c) Ocean waves and currents
The UK’s “Met Office” provides warnings and forecasts for various hazards, including:
a) Earthquakes
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Floods
d) Tornadoes
Answer: c) Floods
“Subsidence” refers to the sinking or lowering of the Earth’s surface, often caused by:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Earthquakes
c) Coastal erosion
d) Wind erosion
Answer: c) Coastal erosion
“Fissures” are:
a) Volcanic vents that emit lava
b) Earthquake fault lines
c) Coastal cliffs
d) Areas prone to landslides
Answer: a) Volcanic vents that emit lava
The “Cumbre Vieja” volcano is located in:
a) Japan
b) Italy
c) Iceland
d) Canary Islands (Spain)
Answer: d) Canary Islands (Spain)
“Aftershocks” are smaller seismic events that follow a major:
a) Volcanic eruption
b) Earthquake
c) Tsunami
d) Wind storm
Answer: b) Earthquake
“Lahars” are volcanic mudflows typically triggered by:
a) Tornadoes
b) Coastal erosion
c) Landslides
d) Volcanic eruptions
Answer: d) Volcanic eruptions
The “Great Storm” of 1987 was a notable event in the UK associated with:
a) Earthquakes
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Wind storms
d) Tsunamis
Answer: c) Wind storms
“Sinkholes” are depressions in the ground caused by:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Earthquakes
c) Coastal erosion
d) Dissolution of soluble rocks
Answer: d) Dissolution of soluble rocks
The “Old Harry Rocks” are a well-known example of:
a) Earthquake fault lines
b) Coastal erosion
c) Volcanic vents
d) Sinkholes
Answer: b) Coastal erosion
The “Buncefield explosion” in 2005 was caused by a storage tank explosion related to:
a) Earthquake activity
b) Coastal erosion
c) Landslides
d) Industrial accidents
Answer: d) Industrial accidents
“Karst landscapes” are characterized by features like:
a) Volcanic craters
b) Earthquake faults
c) Sinkholes and underground caves
d) Coastal cliffs
Answer: c) Sinkholes and underground caves
“Pyroclastic flows” are a hazard associated with:
a) Earthquakes
b) Tsunamis
c) Coastal erosion
d) Volcanic eruptions
Answer: d) Volcanic eruptions
The “Torrey Canyon oil spill” of 1967 resulted from a shipwreck caused by:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Earthquake activity
c) Coastal erosion
d) Human error
Answer: d) Human error
The “Solent” is an example of a geological feature known as a:
a) Coastal erosion hotspot
b) Rift valley
c) River delta
d) Drowned river valley
Answer: d) Drowned river valley
“Rockfalls” are hazards that occur when loose rocks or boulders:
a) Collapse in underground caves
b) Are moved by wind erosion
c) Slide down slopes and cliffs
d) Are lifted by volcanic vents
Answer: c) Slide down slopes and cliffs
The “Exe Estuary” is an example of a geological feature known as an:
a) Earthquake epicenter
b) Inlet
c) Impact crater
d) Earthquake fault line
Answer: b) Inlet
“Geomorphology” is the study of:
a) Earthquake magnitudes
b) Wind patterns
c) Geological landforms and processes
d) Coastal erosion rates
Answer: c) Geological landforms and processes
The “Eden Project” in the UK is built in a former:
a) Volcanic crater
b) Quarry
c) Earthquake epicenter
d) Tidal pool
Answer: b) Quarry
“Seiches” are rhythmic back-and-forth motions of water in:
a) Volcanic lakes
b) Coastal erosion areas
c) Reservoirs
d) Enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water
Answer: d) Enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water
“Mass wasting” refers to the downward movement of rock and soil under the influence of:
a) Wind erosion
b) Tidal waves
c) Gravity
d) Volcanic activity
Answer: c) Gravity
“Seismicity” refers to the:
a) Frequency and intensity of earthquakes in a region
b) Rate of coastal erosion
c) Frequency of volcanic eruptions
d) Wind patterns in a region
Answer: a) Frequency and intensity of earthquakes in a region
“Geohazards” are:
a) Geological features with historical significance
b) Geological formations with high economic value
c) Geological processes that pose a threat to people and the environment
d) Geological regions with rare rock formations
Answer: c) Geological processes that pose a threat to people and the environment
The “Giant’s Causeway” in Northern Ireland is famous for its unique:
a) Coastal cliffs
b) Landslides
c) Volcanic rock formations
d) Earthquake epicenters
Answer: c) Volcanic rock formations
“Ground shaking” is a primary hazard associated with:
a) Coastal erosion
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Earthquakes
d) Sinkholes
Answer: c) Earthquakes
“Erosion” refers to the process of:
a) Earthquakes causing ground displacement
b) Deposition of sediment in river deltas
c) Wind carrying away soil particles
d) Wearing away of rock and soil by natural forces
Answer: d) Wearing away of rock and soil by natural forces
The “Black Cuillin” is a mountain range known for its rugged terrain and associated with:
a) Earthquakes
b) Volcanic activity
c) Coastal erosion
d) Glacial processes
Answer: d) Glacial processes
“Slope instability” can lead to hazards such as:
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Coastal erosion
c) Tsunamis
d) Icebergs
Answer: b) Coastal erosion
The “Ogmore River” in Wales is an example of a river prone to:
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Earthquakes
c) Flooding
d) Coastal erosion
Answer: c) Flooding
“Landslide susceptibility mapping” involves assessing areas at risk of:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Coastal erosion
c) Landslides
d) Earthquakes
Answer: c) Landslides
The “London Clay Formation” is a geological feature associated with the risk of:
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Earthquakes
c) Coastal erosion
d) Landslides
Answer: d) Landslides
The “Holderness Coast” in the UK is known for its rapid:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Coastal erosion
c) Glacial movement
d) Earthquake activity
Answer: b) Coastal erosion
“Avalanches” are fast-moving masses of snow, ice, and debris that pose hazards in:
a) Coastal regions
b) Volcanic areas
c) Mountainous regions
d) Earthquake-prone areas
Answer: c) Mountainous regions
“Peat landslides” are a specific type of landslide that can occur in areas with:
a) Coastal cliffs
b) Volcanic rock formations
c) Glacial valleys
d) Peat bogs
Answer: d) Peat bogs
The “Humber Estuary” is an example of a:
a) Coastal erosion hotspot
b) River delta
c) Sinkhole
d) Volcanic crater
Answer: b) River delta
“Lateral spreading” is a phenomenon associated with:
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Coastal erosion
c) Earthquakes
d) Glacial movement
Answer: c) Earthquakes
The “Llyn Peninsula” in Wales experiences coastal erosion due to its:
a) Tidal wave activity
b) Proximity to volcanic activity
c) Exposure to strong winds
d) Isolation from ocean currents
Answer: c) Exposure to strong winds
“Gelifluction” is a process associated with:
a) Coastal erosion
b) Earthquake activity
c) Glacial movement in permafrost areas
d) Volcanic eruptions
Answer: c) Glacial movement in permafrost areas
The “Jurassic Coast” in the UK is known for its geological significance and risks related to:
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Landslides
c) Tornadoes
d) Coastal erosion
Answer: d) Coastal erosion
“Frost shattering” is a process that breaks rocks apart through the expansion of water during:
a) Coastal erosion
b) Wind erosion
c) Freezing and thawing cycles
d) Volcanic activity
Answer: c) Freezing and thawing cycles
“Liquefaction” can occur during earthquakes, where saturated soil temporarily loses its:
a) Volcanic properties
b) Earthquake resistance
c) Strength and behaves like a liquid
d) Coastal stability
Answer: c) Strength and behaves like a liquid
“Undermining” is a process that can contribute to the collapse of structures due to:
a) Coastal erosion
b) Wind storms
c) Volcanic activity
d) Tidal waves
Answer: a) Coastal erosion
The “Ogwen Valley” in Wales is susceptible to landslides due to its:
a) Coastal location
b) Proximity to volcanic activity
c) Glacial history and steep slopes
d) Earthquake fault lines
Answer: c) Glacial history and steep slopes
“Slope stability analysis” involves assessing the potential for:
a) Coastal erosion
b) Wind erosion
c) Landslides
d) Volcanic eruptions
Answer: c) Landslides
“Rockfall protection” measures include:
a) Earthquake-resistant building design
b) Reinforcing volcanic vents
c) Installing barriers and nets in landslide-prone areas
d) Diverting ocean currents
Answer: c) Installing barriers and nets in landslide-prone areas
