Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic?
a) James Watson
b) Francis Crick
c) Alexander Fleming
d) John Gurdon
Answer: c) Alexander Fleming
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on nerve fibers and their role in transmitting signals in the nervous system?
a) Rita Levi-Montalcini
b) Andrew Huxley
c) James Black
d) Sydney Brenner
Answer: b) Andrew Huxley
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA?
a) John Gurdon
b) Francis Crick
c) Tim Hunt
d) Roger Penrose
Answer: b) Francis Crick
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on cell division and its regulation?
a) John Gurdon
b) Andrew Huxley
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Tim Hunt
Answer: a) John Gurdon
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning “odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”?
a) Roger Penrose
b) Sydney Brenner
c) Tim Hunt
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: b) Sydney Brenner
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the structure and function of biological molecules?
a) Roger Penrose
b) Sydney Brenner
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) John Vane
Answer: c) Richard J. Roberts
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the mechanism of gene-splicing and its impact on genetics and biotechnology?
a) Tim Hunt
b) Roger Penrose
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) John Vane
Answer: c) Richard J. Roberts
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discoveries related to the production of prostaglandins and related biologically active substances?
a) John Vane
b) Sydney Brenner
c) James Black
d) Richard Doll
Answer: a) John Vane
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning “nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”?
a) Richard Doll
b) John Vane
c) David Baltimore
d) Paul Nurse
Answer: b) John Vane
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the genetic regulation of cell division and development?
a) Sydney Brenner
b) James Black
c) John Gurdon
d) Richard Doll
Answer: a) Sydney Brenner
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a method of treating infertility?
a) James Black
b) John Gurdon
c) Robert Edwards
d) David Baltimore
Answer: c) Robert Edwards
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning “how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Tim Hunt
c) David Baltimore
d) Richard Doll
Answer: c) David Baltimore
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the regulation of the cell cycle and its implications for cancer research?
a) John Gurdon
b) Tim Hunt
c) Paul Nurse
d) Roger Penrose
Answer: b) Tim Hunt
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the development of new drugs, particularly related to heart disease and ulcers?
a) David Baltimore
b) James Black
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Paul Nurse
Answer: b) James Black
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle and their role in cell division and cancer?
a) Roger Penrose
b) Paul Nurse
c) Tim Hunt
d) John Vane
Answer: b) Paul Nurse
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the theory of black holes and their properties?
a) Sydney Brenner
b) Paul Nurse
c) Roger Penrose
d) Richard Doll
Answer: c) Roger Penrose
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase?
a) Richard Doll
b) Paul Nurse
c) Tim Hunt
d) Elizabeth Blackburn
Answer: d) Elizabeth Blackburn
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Tim Hunt
d) James P. Allison
Answer: d) James P. Allison
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of immunotherapies for cancer treatment, particularly checkpoint inhibitors?
a) James P. Allison
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Roger Penrose
d) David Baltimore
Answer: a) James P. Allison
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of drugs targeting specific proteins in cancer therapy?
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Paul Nurse
c) David Baltimore
d) James P. Allison
Answer: b) Paul Nurse
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of molecular principles of autophagy and its importance for cell health?
a) David Baltimore
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Paul Nurse
d) Yoshinori Ohsumi
Answer: d) Yoshinori Ohsumi
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of antiviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS?
a) David Baltimore
b) Richard Doll
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Michael Houghton
Answer: d) Michael Houghton
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the discovery of Hepatitis C virus, leading to the development of diagnostic tests and therapies?
a) Michael Houghton
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) James Black
d) Paul Nurse
Answer: a) Michael Houghton
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of beta-blockers for the treatment of heart disease?
a) David Baltimore
b) Richard Doll
c) James Black
d) Tim Hunt
Answer: c) James Black
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death?
a) Richard Doll
b) Tim Hunt
c) Sydney Brenner
d) John Gurdon
Answer: d) John Gurdon
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms?
a) Sydney Brenner
b) Michael Houghton
c) Tim Hunt
d) Michael Rosbash
Answer: d) Michael Rosbash
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm in fruit flies?
a) Michael Rosbash
b) John Gurdon
c) Paul Nurse
d) Richard Doll
Answer: a) Michael Rosbash
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Tim Hunt
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: d) Richard J. Roberts
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism?
a) David Baltimore
b) Richard Doll
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Tim Hunt
Answer: d) Tim Hunt
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vesicle trafficking?
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Sydney Brenner
c) David Baltimore
d) Randy Schekman
Answer: d) Randy Schekman
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells?
a) Randy Schekman
b) John Gurdon
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) David Baltimore
Answer: a) Randy Schekman
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of positron emission tomography (PET)?
a) Richard Doll
b) Sydney Brenner
c) David Baltimore
d) David Hubel
Answer: a) Richard Doll
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain, an “inner GPS”?
a) Tim Hunt
b) John Gurdon
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) John O’Keefe
Answer: d) John O’Keefe
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagy, the recycling system in cells?
a) Paul Nurse
b) John Gurdon
c) David Baltimore
d) Yoshinori Ohsumi
Answer: d) Yoshinori Ohsumi
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of the principles of drug targeting by G-protein-coupled receptors?
a) David Baltimore
b) James Black
c) Paul Nurse
d) Brian Kobilka
Answer: d) Brian Kobilka
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the development of monoclonal antibodies used for cancer therapy?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Sydney Brenner
c) David Baltimore
d) César Milstein
Answer: d) César Milstein
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the discovery of catalytic properties of RNA and its significance for cell function?
a) Richard Doll
b) Tim Hunt
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Thomas Cech
Answer: d) Thomas Cech
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discoveries related to the molecular regulation of vesicle trafficking?
a) John Gurdon
b) Sydney Brenner
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Randy Schekman
Answer: b) Sydney Brenner
Who received the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of cryo-electron microscopy for high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules?
a) Tim Hunt
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) John Gurdon
d) Richard Henderson
Answer: d) Richard Henderson
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair and DNA damage responses?
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Sydney Brenner
c) John Gurdon
d) Stephen Jackson
Answer: d) Stephen Jackson
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability?
a) Sydney Brenner
b) Stephen Jackson
c) Paul Nurse
d) William Kaelin Jr.
Answer: d) William Kaelin Jr.
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the development of organoids, a breakthrough in cell biology research?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Sydney Brenner
c) Tim Hunt
d) Hans Clevers
Answer: d) Hans Clevers
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of how cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen levels?
a) Stephen Jackson
b) William Kaelin Jr.
c) David Baltimore
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: b) William Kaelin Jr.
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the cellular responses to DNA damage and their implications for cancer therapy?
a) Sydney Brenner
b) Stephen Jackson
c) Paul Nurse
d) Richard Doll
Answer: b) Stephen Jackson
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy, providing insights into how cells recycle their content?
a) Richard Doll
b) Stephen Jackson
c) David Baltimore
d) Yoshinori Ohsumi
Answer: d) Yoshinori Ohsumi
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the cellular responses to DNA damage and their implications for cancer therapy?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Stephen Jackson
c) Richard Doll
d) David Baltimore
Answer: b) Stephen Jackson
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the mechanism of the cell division cycle?
a) Tim Hunt
b) Paul Nurse
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: a) Tim Hunt
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm in mammals?
a) John Gurdon
b) Michael Rosbash
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Paul Nurse
Answer: b) Michael Rosbash
Who received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm?
a) John Gurdon
b) Michael Rosbash
c) Tim Hunt
d) Sydney Brenner
Answer: b) Michael Rosbash
Which British scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair?
a) Paul Nurse
b) Tim Hunt
c) Sydney Brenner
d) Stephen Jackson
Answer: d) Stephen Jackson
