What is the primary cause of coastal erosion in Australia?
A) Human activities
B) Climate change
C) Natural processes
D) Pollution
Answer: C) Natural processes
Which of the following coastal features can act as a natural defense against erosion?
A) Groynes
B) Sand dunes
C) Seawalls
D) Breakwaters
Answer: B) Sand dunes
What is the term for the shifting of sand along the coastline due to wave action?
A) Longshore drift
B) Coastal retreat
C) Erosion cycle
D) Beach nourishment
Answer: A) Longshore drift
Which factor contributes to the acceleration of coastal erosion in Australia?
A) Rising sea levels
B) Decreased wave action
C) Reduced rainfall
D) Soil stabilization
Answer: A) Rising sea levels
What is the process by which waves remove sediments from a beach and transport them offshore?
A) Beach erosion
B) Swash
C) Backwash
D) Beach drift
Answer: C) Backwash
Which of the following human activities can contribute to coastal erosion?
A) Constructing seawalls
B) Planting vegetation
C) Sand mining
D) Beach nourishment
Answer: C) Sand mining
What is the process of rebuilding a beach by adding large quantities of sand called?
A) Coastal retreat
B) Beach nourishment
C) Erosion control
D) Sediment deposition
Answer: B) Beach nourishment
Which natural event can lead to rapid and severe coastal erosion in Australia?
A) Earthquakes
B) Tsunamis
C) Volcanic eruptions
D) Landslides
Answer: B) Tsunamis
What is the term for the erosion-resistant structures built parallel to the shoreline to trap sand and widen beaches?
A) Seawalls
B) Breakwaters
C) Groynes
D) Jetties
Answer: C) Groynes
Which climate change-related factor contributes significantly to coastal erosion?
A) Decreased temperatures
B) Increased storm intensity
C) Reduced humidity
D) Lowered sea levels
Answer: B) Increased storm intensity
What is the term for the erosion caused by human-made structures altering natural coastal processes?
A) Natural erosion
B) Anthropogenic erosion
C) Coastal accretion
D) Sediment deposition
Answer: B) Anthropogenic erosion
Which of the following is a soft engineering method used to manage coastal erosion?
A) Seawalls
B) Groynes
C) Beach nourishment
D) Breakwaters
Answer: C) Beach nourishment
What type of waves are responsible for transporting sand and sediments along the coastline?
A) Tsunamis
B) Storm surges
C) Longshore currents
D) Rip currents
Answer: C) Longshore currents
Which natural feature provides a buffer against erosion by absorbing wave energy?
A) Coral reefs
B) Sandbars
C) Rocky cliffs
D) Mudflats
Answer: A) Coral reefs
What is the term for the process of landward retreat of the coastline due to erosion?
A) Coastal advance
B) Beach migration
C) Coastal retreat
D) Shoreline expansion
Answer: C) Coastal retreat
Which of the following factors can cause accelerated erosion of sandy beaches in Australia?
A) Vegetation growth
B) Decreased wave energy
C) Sea level rise
D) Reduced rainfall
Answer: C) Sea level rise
What is the term for the accumulation of sand or other coastal sediments in a deposit or mound?
A) Beach erosion
B) Sandbar
C) Spit
D) Tombolo
Answer: B) Sandbar
Which of the following is a natural cause of coastal erosion in Australia?
A) Beach nourishment
B) Sand mining
C) Storm surges
D) Seawalls
Answer: C) Storm surges
What is the term for the process where waves erode the base of a cliff, causing it to collapse?
A) Cliff retreat
B) Rockfall
C) Coastal slump
D) Wave undercutting
Answer: D) Wave undercutting
Which of the following is a hard engineering method used to prevent coastal erosion?
A) Beach nourishment
B) Dune restoration
C) Seawalls
D) Planting vegetation
Answer: C) Seawalls
What is the term for the narrow coastal landform that forms parallel to the shore and is separated from the mainland by a lagoon?
A) Peninsula
B) Barrier island
C) Headland
D) Baymouth bar
Answer: B) Barrier island
Which of the following human activities can lead to increased coastal erosion in Australia?
A) Constructing breakwaters
B) Planting mangroves
C) Sand mining
D) Beach nourishment
Answer: C) Sand mining
What is the term for the process of sediment being transported along the coast and deposited at a different location?
A) Longshore drift
B) Beach erosion
C) Coastal retreat
D) Sediment deposition
Answer: A) Longshore drift
Which natural event can lead to the formation of temporary sandbars and changes in coastal morphology?
A) Hurricanes
B) Earthquakes
C) Volcanic eruptions
D) Tidal waves
Answer: A) Hurricanes
What is the term for the sediment deposited at the mouth of a river where it meets the sea?
A) Delta
B) Estuary
C) Spit
D) Baymouth bar
Answer: A) Delta
Which of the following is a natural defense against coastal erosion formed by the accumulation of sand or gravel?
A) Seawalls
B) Barrier islands
C) Breakwaters
D) Groynes
Answer: B) Barrier islands
What is the term for the process of waves breaking down rocks into smaller particles?
A) Erosion
B) Weathering
C) Sedimentation
D) Deposition
Answer: A) Erosion
Which of the following is a common consequence of coastal erosion in Australia?
A) Increased land area
B) Loss of property and infrastructure
C) Enhanced biodiversity
D) Decreased sedimentation
Answer: B) Loss of property and infrastructure
What is the term for the movement of water parallel to the shoreline, transporting sand and sediments along the coast?
A) Longshore drift
B) Rip current
C) Wave swash
D) Coastal current
Answer: A) Longshore drift
Which of the following factors can lead to increased erosion of rocky coastlines in Australia?
A) Decreased wave action
B) Acid rain
C) Vegetation growth
D) Rising sea levels
Answer: D) Rising sea levels
What is the term for the accumulation of sand and other beach material on the landward side of a coastal feature?
A) Backwash
B) Swash
C) Beach drift
D) Beach nourishment
Answer: C) Beach drift
Which of the following is a natural process that contributes to coastal erosion by wearing away cliffs and headlands?
A) Weathering
B) Deposition
C) Volcanism
D) Erosion
Answer: D) Erosion
What is the term for the artificial replenishment of sand on a beach to counteract erosion?
A) Beach nourishment
B) Dune restoration
C) Seawall construction
D) Groyne installation
Answer: A) Beach nourishment
Which of the following factors can lead to increased erosion of sandy beaches in Australia?
A) Stable sea levels
B) Limited wave energy
C) Climate change-induced storm surges
D) Vegetation growth
Answer: C) Climate change-induced storm surges
What is the term for the landform created by the deposition of sand and gravel at the mouth of a river or estuary?
A) Spit
B) Delta
C) Barrier island
D) Tombolo
Answer: B) Delta
Which of the following is a natural process that contributes to coastal erosion by removing sand and sediments from beaches?
A) Deposition
B) Swash
C) Longshore drift
D) Rip current
Answer: C) Longshore drift
What is the term for the process by which wave action and currents shape and erode the coastline?
A) Coastal retreat
B) Coastal morphodynamics
C) Coastal accretion
D) Coastal stabilization
Answer: B) Coastal morphodynamics
Which of the following is a soft engineering method used to manage coastal erosion by encouraging the natural growth of vegetation?
A) Seawalls
B) Beach nourishment
C) Dune restoration
D) Groyne installation
Answer: C) Dune restoration
What is the term for the process by which eroded sediment is carried away from the coast and deposited in deeper water?
A) Beach drift
B) Swash
C) Backwash
D) Offshore transport
Answer: D) Offshore transport
Which of the following is a natural defense against coastal erosion, consisting of offshore ridges of sand or gravel?
A) Seawalls
B) Breakwaters
C) Sandbars
D) Groynes
Answer: C) Sandbars
