Who is known for proposing the double helix structure of DNA along with James Watson?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Francis Crick
c) Gregor Mendel
d) Barbara McClintock
Answer: b) Francis Crick
Which American geneticist coined the term “genetic engineering” and was a pioneer in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Barbara McClintock
b) James Watson
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Paul Berg
Answer: d) Paul Berg
Who conducted groundbreaking research on transposable elements in maize, discovering the phenomenon of “jumping genes”?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) James Watson
c) Francis Crick
d) Barbara McClintock
Answer: d) Barbara McClintock
This American geneticist is known for his work on gene regulation and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Craig Venter
c) Paul Berg
d) Andrew Fire
Answer: d) Andrew Fire
Who is considered the “Father of Human Genetics” and discovered the patterns of inheritance in families?
a) James Watson
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Gregor Mendel
d) Theodosius Dobzhansky
Answer: c) Gregor Mendel
This American geneticist contributed to the understanding of genetic mutations and the “one gene, one enzyme” hypothesis.
a) Oswald Avery
b) Barbara McClintock
c) George Beadle
d) Joshua Lederberg
Answer: c) George Beadle
Who conducted research on bacterial genetics and discovered the phenomenon of bacterial conjugation?
a) Oswald Avery
b) Craig Venter
c) Joshua Lederberg
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: c) Joshua Lederberg
This American geneticist contributed to our understanding of the genetic basis of cancer and viral oncogenes.
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Harold Varmus
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: c) Harold Varmus
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their applications in genetics?
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Paul Berg
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Craig Venter
Answer: c) Richard J. Roberts
This American geneticist led the team that sequenced the human genome and founded Celera Genomics.
a) Craig Venter
b) Paul Berg
c) James Watson
d) Barbara McClintock
Answer: a) Craig Venter
Who conducted experiments confirming that DNA is the genetic material using Streptococcus pneumoniae?
a) James Watson
b) Oswald Avery
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Paul Berg
Answer: b) Oswald Avery
This American geneticist made significant contributions to understanding RNA splicing and shared the Nobel Prize.
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Andrew Fire
c) Joshua Lederberg
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: b) Andrew Fire
Who is known for developing the first transgenic animal by inserting a foreign gene into a mouse embryo?
a) Craig Venter
b) Paul Berg
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Richard Palmiter
Answer: d) Richard Palmiter
This American geneticist is famous for proposing the “Central Dogma” of molecular biology.
a) James Watson
b) Francis Crick
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: a) James Watson
Who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography to study DNA structure and contributed to the discovery of its double helix shape?
a) Oswald Avery
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Francis Crick
d) James Watson
Answer: b) Rosalind Franklin
This American geneticist contributed to the understanding of chromosomal abnormalities and Down syndrome.
a) Albert Einstein
b) Theodosius Dobzhansky
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Jérôme Lejeune
Answer: d) Jérôme Lejeune
Who developed the concept of the “Modern Synthesis” in evolutionary biology, integrating genetics and natural selection?
a) James Watson
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Theodosius Dobzhansky
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: c) Theodosius Dobzhansky
This American geneticist is known for his work on the Human Genome Project and cancer genomics.
a) Craig Venter
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Paul Berg
d) Barbara McClintock
Answer: a) Craig Venter
Who conducted groundbreaking research on the structure of bacterial viruses, revealing that they consist of DNA enclosed in protein?
a) Oswald Avery
b) James Watson
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Max Delbrück
Answer: d) Max Delbrück
This American geneticist is known for his work on the Drosophila fruit fly and the concept of genetic linkage.
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Theodosius Dobzhansky
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Gregor Mendel
Answer: b) Theodosius Dobzhansky
Who discovered the role of telomeres and telomerase in chromosome stability and cellular aging?
a) Carol Greider
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: a) Carol Greider
This American geneticist is known for developing the technique of DNA fingerprinting and its applications in forensics.
a) Paul Berg
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Alec Jeffreys
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: c) Alec Jeffreys
Who discovered the role of mRNA in protein synthesis, laying the foundation for understanding gene expression?
a) Andrew Fire
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) James Watson
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: a) Andrew Fire
This American geneticist is known for his work on the genetics of eye development and the discovery of homeobox genes.
a) Oswald Avery
b) Walter Gilbert
c) Paul Berg
d) Walter Gehring
Answer: d) Walter Gehring
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of split genes and mRNA splicing?
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Paul Berg
d) Phillip Sharp
Answer: d) Phillip Sharp
This American geneticist is known for his work on bacterial restriction enzymes and their applications in genetic engineering.
a) Joshua Lederberg
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Craig Venter
d) Paul Berg
Answer: b) Richard J. Roberts
Who developed the technique of site-directed mutagenesis, allowing specific changes to be made in DNA sequences?
a) Paul Berg
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Kary Mullis
d) Michael Smith
Answer: a) Paul Berg
This American geneticist is known for her work on the mechanisms of DNA repair and the discovery of DNA polymerases.
a) Carol Greider
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Kornberg
Answer: d) Kornberg
Who discovered the enzyme telomerase and its role in maintaining the integrity of chromosome ends?
a) Carol Greider
b) Andrew Fire
c) Oswald Avery
d) Craig Venter
Answer: a) Carol Greider
This American geneticist is known for his work on the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi).
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Andrew Fire
c) Barbara McClintock
d) James Watson
Answer: b) Andrew Fire
Who played a crucial role in the deciphering of the human genome and founded the J. Craig Venter Institute?
a) Craig Venter
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: a) Craig Venter
This American geneticist is known for her discovery of telomerase and its significance in aging and cancer.
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Carol Greider
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: c) Carol Greider
Who pioneered the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, revolutionizing DNA analysis?
a) Kary Mullis
b) Joshua Lederberg
c) Paul Berg
d) Michael Smith
Answer: a) Kary Mullis
This American geneticist is known for his work on the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis and the CFTR gene.
a) Walter Gilbert
b) Francis Collins
c) Joshua Lederberg
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: b) Francis Collins
Who played a key role in mapping the human genome and later became the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?
a) James Watson
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Francis Collins
d) Oswald Avery
Answer: c) Francis Collins
This American geneticist is known for her contributions to the field of epigenetics and DNA methylation.
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Shirley Tilghman
d) Carol Greider
Answer: c) Shirley Tilghman
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of site-directed mutagenesis?
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Kary Mullis
c) Paul Berg
d) Michael Smith
Answer: d) Michael Smith
This American geneticist is known for his work on the role of telomeres in cellular aging and the discovery of telomerase.
a) Andrew Fire
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) Jack Szostak
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: c) Jack Szostak
Who discovered the genetic basis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and later served as the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute?
a) Walter Gilbert
b) Paul Berg
c) Francis Collins
d) Barbara McClintock
Answer: c) Francis Collins
This American geneticist is known for his work on bacterial genetics and the concept of the operon.
a) Joshua Lederberg
b) Oswald Avery
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Paul Berg
Answer: a) Joshua Lederberg
Who developed the technique of DNA sequencing and played a key role in the Human Genome Project?
a) Richard J. Roberts
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Fred Sanger
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: c) Fred Sanger
This American geneticist is known for his contributions to the understanding of HIV/AIDS and retroviruses.
a) Kary Mullis
b) Richard J. Roberts
c) David Baltimore
d) Paul Berg
Answer: c) David Baltimore
Who conducted pioneering research on the genetic control of flower development using Arabidopsis thaliana?
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Elliot Meyerowitz
d) George Beadle
Answer: c) Elliot Meyerowitz
This American geneticist is known for her work on RNA splicing and the discovery of ribozymes.
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Carol Greider
d) Joan Steitz
Answer: d) Joan Steitz
Who discovered the enzyme reverse transcriptase and its role in retroviral replication?
a) Barbara McClintock
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Howard Temin
d) Richard J. Roberts
Answer: c) Howard Temin
This American geneticist is known for his work on the mechanisms of DNA repair and the discovery of DNA ligase.
a) Paul Berg
b) Arthur Kornberg
c) Walter Gehring
d) Michael Smith
Answer: b) Arthur Kornberg
Who conducted research on the genetic basis of development using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans?
a) Joshua Lederberg
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Sydney Brenner
Answer: d) Sydney Brenner
This American geneticist is known for his work on the genetic regulation of the immune system.
a) David Baltimore
b) Joshua Lederberg
c) Oswald Avery
d) James Watson
Answer: a) David Baltimore
Who discovered the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) and its role in gene regulation?
a) James Watson
b) Andrew Fire
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Barbara McClintock
Answer: b) Andrew Fire
This American geneticist is known for his work on the human microbiome and its impact on health and disease.
a) Paul Berg
b) Craig Venter
c) Richard J. Roberts
d) Joshua Lederberg
Answer: b) Craig Venter
